[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/jak-vlastne-pisi-japonci\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/jak-vlastne-pisi-japonci\/","headline":"Jak vlastn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed Japonci?","name":"Jak vlastn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed Japonci?","description":"Japonsk\u00fd jazyk i p\u00edsmo jsou z obecn\u00e9ho \u00fahlu pohledu velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 discipl\u00edny, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se dosud jin\u00e9mu asijsk\u00e9mu...","datePublished":"2019-09-06","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/91b1fc57487c55a66a7777af0dd690bf69c571b4a9b15cda0db8854a78b7888c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/91b1fc57487c55a66a7777af0dd690bf69c571b4a9b15cda0db8854a78b7888c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"bria-cz.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a348006_w2439_t1562496799.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a348006_w2439_t1562496799.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/jak-vlastne-pisi-japonci\/","about":["Kultura\r"],"wordCount":408,"articleBody":"Japonsk\u00fd jazyk i p\u00edsmo jsou z obecn\u00e9ho \u00fahlu pohledu velmi slo\u017eit\u00e9 discipl\u00edny, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se dosud jin\u00e9mu asijsk\u00e9mu jazyku neu\u010dil. Krom\u011b gramatick\u00fdch odli\u0161nost\u00ed v jazyce a jin\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed studium je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edm, b\u00fdv\u00e1 probl\u00e9mem i samotn\u00fd syst\u00e9m kombinace t\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch sad p\u0159i psan\u00ed. P\u0159i psan\u00ed m\u00e1te na v\u00fdb\u011br z hiragany, katakany a kanji. Jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ale nen\u00ed nahodil\u00e9, podl\u00e9h\u00e1 pravidl\u016fm a zvyklostem, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba si zau\u017e\u00edvat.Hiragana
 Spolu s katakanou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dvojici slabi\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00edsem, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jeden znak p\u0159edstavuje jednu slabiku. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se ze 45 slabi\u010dn\u00fdch symbol\u016f a jednoho symbolu p\u00edsmenn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fdm se vyjad\u0159uje p\u00edsmeno n. P\u0159ipojen\u00edm dvou \u010d\u00e1rek nebo krou\u017eku nad n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze znak\u016f ale z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed slabiky.
 Toto p\u00edsmo je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no, pokud chceme napsat slovo, pro kter\u00e9 neexistuje kanji. D\u00e1le se j\u00edm tvo\u0159\u00ed i gramatick\u00e9 \u00fatvary \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159edpony, p\u0159\u00edpony nebo koncovky.Katakana
 Druh\u00e9 slabi\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo sest\u00e1v\u00e1 ze 47 symbol\u016f pro slabiky, plus jednoho pro p\u00edsmeno n. Tyto symboly op\u011bt m\u016f\u017eeme modifikovat p\u0159ipojen\u00edm krou\u017eku nebo \u010d\u00e1rek.
 Nej\u010dast\u011bji katakanu uvid\u00edte u slov p\u0159evzat\u00fdch z jin\u00e9ho jazyka. Zat\u00edmco v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dob\u00e1ch se jednalo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b o slova \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 \u010di portugalsk\u00e1, dnes to b\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy pojmy z angli\u010dtiny. D\u00e1le se uplatn\u00ed p\u0159i psan\u00ed zvukomalebn\u00fdch slov, nebo p\u0159i z\u00e1pisu slov, kter\u00e9 chceme zd\u016fraznit (m\u00e1 v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b podobn\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako tu\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edsmo nebo kurz\u00edva).Kanji
 Znakov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, po\u010de\u0161t\u011bn\u011b tak\u00e9 kand\u017ei, je zp\u016fsob z\u00e1pisu, kter\u00fd se vyvinul ze znak\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch. Ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd symbol p\u0159edstavuje ko\u0159en slova, koncovky a jin\u00e9 gramatick\u00e9 konstrukce se dopl\u0148uj\u00ed hiraganou. \u010cten\u00ed a v\u00fdznam znaku se \u010dist\u011b z jeho morfologie ned\u00e1 odvodit, je tedy pot\u0159eba se nau\u010dit ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd symbol. Celkov\u00fd po\u010det kanji je nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, ale odhaduje se na asi 50 000. To ale nen\u00ed d\u016fvod k panice \u2013 re\u00e1ln\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen asi 3 \u2013 6 000 symbol\u016f.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.2\/5 - (13 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak vlastn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed Japonci?","item":"https:\/\/www.bria-cz.cz\/jak-vlastne-pisi-japonci\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]